.. _ownership:

Setting User and Group Ownership of Files
------------------------------------------

:t:`Linux for Programmers and Users`, Sections 3.31 and 3.32

.. _chown:

:command:`chown`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. index:: chown
.. program:: chown
.. describe:: chown

    Change ownership of files (super user only) 

SYNOPSIS

    :command:`chown` [-R] newowner FILE...

.. _newgrp:

:command:`newgrp`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. index:: newgrp
.. program:: newgrp
.. describe:: newgrp

    Change the shell's group ID.  When you first log into the system, your
    group ID is set to your default group.  Any files or directories that you
    create will have this group ownership.  They can later be changed to
    belonging to a different group using :ref:`chgrp`.  However, if you will
    begin working on a project where you want to share anything created, it may
    be simpler to use the :command:`newgrp` command first, so that all new
    files and directories will be owned by the specified group.

SYNOPSIS

    :command:`newgrp` group

::

    $ groups
    tim cmst270
    $ id
    uid=500(tim) gid=500(tim) groups=500(tim),537(cmst270) 
    $ newgrp cmst270
    $ id
    uid=500(tim) gid=537(cmst270) groups=500(tim),537(cmst270) 
    $ touch foo1
    $ ls -ld foo1
    -rw-r--r-- 1 tim cmst270 0 Sep 3 13:57 foo1

.. note::

    :command:`newgrp` will sometimes prompt for a password.  To make it not
    prompt for a password, the systems administrator must remove the entry for
    the group from the ``/etc/gshadow`` file.

.. _chgrp:

:command:`chgrp`
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. index:: chgrp
.. program:: chgrp
.. describe:: chgrp

    Change the group ownership of each FILE to GROUP

SYNOPSIS

    :command:`chgrp` [-R] GROUP FILE...

.. option:: -R, --recursive

    operate on files and directories recursively

.. Seealso:: Now complete :ref:`hw4`.